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In this case, the experience of the medical research engaged in drug discovery by showing how technology can benefit the business performance through the acquisition and application of knowledge. In order to success and survive in all areas of business including medical research, it is vital to facilitate access to knowledge, improving the quality and currency of knowledge as well as using that knowledge to improve the business processes. It is challenging to develop new drugs because drug discovery process is so painstaking and complicated. Traditional method was not very accurate or effective and depended too much on trial-and-error. However, the processes of drug discovery have been changed by the development of new processes for visualizing and design new drugs as well as the use of powerful computers and information technology.
QUESTION 1Why are computers so important in drug discovery?
ANSWER:Previously, traditional methods of drug discovery rely on trial-and-error testing of chemical substances on cultured cells or animals, and matching the apparent effects to treatments.The traditional drug discovery processes are painstaking and complicated. It is take a lot of time and a lot of process and too much trial-and-error.Drug discovery and development is an intense, lengthy and an interdisciplinary endeavour. Drug development companies tried to speed up the process by creating huge libraries of potential compounds and using robots to quickly review hundreds of thousands of sample to see if any worked. For the pharmaceutical industry, the number of years to bring a drug from discovery to market is approximately 12-14 years and costing up to $ 1.2 - $ 1.4 billion dollars.The use of complementary experimental and informatics techniques increases the chance of success in many stages of the discovery process, from the identification of novel targets and elucidation of their functions to the discovery and development of lead compounds with desired properties.The researchers had no idea and not understand the “key” or the “lock”. Scientists were used the powerful computers to analyze thousands of interference patterns.Next, researchers must find a custom molecule to fit that particular “lock”.The molecule must be able to bind to target, be synthesized and manufactured in large quantities, and be metabolized by body at just the right rate.High attrition rate of failure – traditional development process has resulted in high attrition rates with failures attributed to poor pharmacokinetics (39%), lack of efficacy (30%), animal toxicity (11%), adverse effects in humans (10%) and various commercial and miscellaneous factors.
Computation tools offer the advantage of delivering new drug candidates more quickly and at a lower cost.To discover of drug for rate and unusual disease treatment.
Accurate and efficient process for developing effective medications and for understanding how drugs actually work.Subsequently, researchers must find a custom molecule to fit that particular “lock”.
This is because the molecule must be able to:
-bind to the target
-be synthesized and manufacture in large quantity
-be metabolized by the body at just the right rate
· That is why computers are so important in the drug discovery process.Eventually, the high-powered computers help evaluate the structures and properties of molecules that are most likely to bind to that target and rapidly search database libraries of chemical structures in order to identify the most promising candidates.QUESTION 2:What roles played by computers in the drug discovery process?
ANSWER:Generally, in the field of medicine, drug discovery is the process by which new candidatemedications are discovered.
The objective of drug design is to find a chemical compound that can fit to a specific cavity on a protein target both geometrically and chemically.
It is generally recognized that drug discovery and development are very time and resources consuming processes.
There is an ever growing effort to apply computational power to the combined chemical and biological space in order to streamline drug discovery, design, development and optimization.
In biomedical arena, computer-aided is being utilized to expedite and facilitate hit identification, hit-to-lead selection, optimize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profile and avoid safety issues.
The development of any potential drug begins with years of scientific study to determine the biochemistry behind a disease, for which pharmaceutical intervention is possible.The result is the determination of specific receptors (target).
In the modern era, computer-aided drug design (CADD) has considerably extended its range of applications, spanning almost all stages in the drug discovery pipeline, from target identification to lead discovery, from lead optimization to preclinical or clinical trials.
Drug researchers using structure-based design benefit from a new process of visualizing and modeling promising compounds at the molecular level.
Facilitate the acquisition and application of knowledge.
Improving the quality and currency of knowledge.
Improve business processes in all areas of business as well as in medical research.
Assist in building hypotheses about desirable chemical properties when designing the drugs, to refine and modify drugs candidates.
Compound databases provide the physico-chemical structural data for computational drug discovery method used in component screening and profiling.
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Briefly, the IT plays an important role in drug discovery process by:
Computer – analyzing molecular structure
Databases – organizing data about specific molecules and compounds.
Software’s – visualizing and modeling molecules
Designing potential new drugs using computational approaches and chemical/ biological experiments:
CONCLUSIONIn recent years, computational drug design and more specifically virtual screening, has emerged as a powerful tool in drug discovery. There are numerous approaches to drug design depending on the types of information available about the bioactive ligands and the therapeutic protein target. -
Q1: How does Groupon take advantage of social networking and location technology?Social Technology§ Track record - selling goods and services on the INTERNET is increasingly based on social networking – friends recommending friends.§ Companies targeting individual and their friends who are members of social networking communities such as Facebook and Twitter. Advertise their products and services through Google.§ Personal Follow up – can follow-up with newsletters, special offer and news releases t the company§ Best foot forward strategy – An opportunity to demonstrate stellar customer service. Can win repeat customer this way.Location Technology§ As Groupon armed with detailed knowledge of customers locations target special offer of location-based goods and services.§ Information for the selling of goods or discount of coupons can be access by customer at any time and any ware using mobile apps.§ The business earns revenue by asking people to recruit their friends and acquaintances to sign up for discount coupons to create a “critical mass” of potential customers for a local product or services.Q2: Do you think the business model is viable? Why or why not?In my opinion the business model is viable based on the following:§ Inexpensive deal.§ Ability to get more profit.§ Currently social connectivity is proven as a platform to selling goods and services on the internet.§ Groupon serves 500 markets in 44 countries.§ Groupon also need to strategize the marketing and business in order to maintain their profits.§ Groupon also need to maintain and increase competitive advantage for their products and service.
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Q1: Which business processes are the most important at Summit Electric Supply? Why?There are several numbers of business processes that were used by the Summit Electric Supply, which the most important ones are ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system software from SAP. This is because scalability and inventory visibility were the top requirements needed by Summit’s company which from this system they will keep updated the level of stock and inventory left in the store from time to time. This system must work and align together with the SAP software because it’s functionality in sales and distribution, materials management, and financials, and its knowledge of the distribution benefited the company to increase their distribution capacity.“The Batch Management Process”, in Summit wires and cable are the most important and most popular product.It buys these product in reels of length 5000 feet and then cuts them into various lengths and sells to the customers which make it difficult to maintain the inventory and difficult for them to determine how much of this type of inventory has been sold and when it is time to replenish. The batch management process eliminates the problem by maintaining the inventory of such product.SAP’s NetWeaver BW which function for Business Intelligence by reporting and analyzing the current and forecast for their upcoming sales. This was also helped the company to evaluate the profitability of its sales channels using the what-if approach.Q2: What problems did Summit have with its old systems?a) Delay with their supplies.b) The system was a complicated system because it would separate different categories.What was the business impact of those problems?a) Not able to keep up with the business.b) Handle a few range of numbers and location.c) Caused delays and time consuming task that was not needed to take as much time as it did.Q3: How did Summit’s ERP System improve operational efficiency and decision making? Give several examples.ERP System improved Summit’s Operational Efficiency and Decision Making:1)Faster distribution2)Simplify the works/tasks3)Time efficiency4)Able to view stocks more often5)Able to evaluate profitability6)More easy more simpleQ4: Describe two ways in which Summit’s customers benefit from the new ERP system.They can rely on the company for their needs and products which will give them customization services for customers and know when to restock the inventory. The construction of temporary on-site Summit’s warehouse will save time for both sides to build Parent-child warehouse relationship.Q5: Diagram Summit’s old and new process for handling chargebacks.
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Q:1 What types of companies are most likely to adopt cloud-based CRM software services? Why? What companies might not be well-suited for this type of software?Types of companies that may want to adopt cloud may be any company wanting to consolidate multiple services or applications into one, mainly to reduce electricity, personal or operating costs. Companies that need a Service level agreement or sense of data security would not want to invest into a cloud system. Companies who struggling with a lot of data to be store also prefer to use this. Cutting cost companies are also recommended to use this system.Cloud-based CRM would help these companies to achieve operational excellent and customer intimacy and released from fixed and operational cost. Not only that, it also allow them to subscribe and cancel without losing large up-front software license and hardware investment.Some companies are not suit with this software services. Those companies made large investment on solutions that already work, concern about security issues and control of their data are the examples not encourage to use such software. Companies which might independent on their provider also not prefer to do so.Q2: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud-based enterprise applications?Advantages:Easy Implementation Cloud hosting allows businesses to retain the same applications and business processes without having to deal with the backend technicalities. Readily manageable by the Internet, a cloud infrastructure can be accessed by enterprises easily and quickly. Another advantage is a lesser cost for in-house IT infrastructure maintenance. While some providers may say cloud hosting allows companies to save money by taking away the need for an IT support and management team, the opposite is true. We at Stratosphere Networks believe redundancy is key. While a backup can be an extra cost, it can be worth it in the event of a technical failure within the cloud.Accessibility Access your data anywhere, anytime. An internet cloud infrastructure maximizes enterprise productivity and efficiency by ensuring your application is accessible from any place anytime, allowing collaboration and sharing among users in multiple locations.No Hardware Required A physical storage center is no longer needed as it is hosted in the cloud. Again, a backup could be worth looking into in the event of a disaster that could leave your company's productivity stagnant.Cost Per Head Overhead technology costs are kept at a minimum with cloud hosting services, enabling businesses to use the extra time and resources for improving the company infrastructure.Troubleshooting, installation and configuring Cloud hosting provides easy, optimal utilization and management. In addition to 24x7x365 monitoring, Stratosphere Networks will install, troubleshoot and configure your cloud software and handle any customization and upgrades your enterprise may need.Flexibility for Growth Easily scalable so companies can add or subtract resources based on their own needs. As companies grow, the need to expand their cloud infrastructure will also grow.Efficient Recovery Cloud computing delivers faster and more accurate retrieval of applications and data. With less downtime, it is the most efficient recovery plan.DisadvantagesLess controlWhen moving services to the cloud, you are handing over your data and information. For companies who have an in-house IT staff, they are unable to handle issues on their own by logging onto a server. Instead they have to open a ticket like any end user. This may be hard for clients to understand, especially an IT staff that is used to handling tickets and internal technical issues internally. Stratosphere Networks guarantees our 24/7 live help desk will rectify any problems immediately - we are just one phone call away.Less availability all the featuresNot all cloud services are the same. Your cloud provider may not provide every feature or customization you want as some tend to offer limited versions and enable the most popular features. Before installation, make sure you know what your cloud service provider offers before signing up.Just because clouds require no hardwire, doesn't mean you should do away with your serversYes, you may have fewer servers to handle which means less for your IT staff to handle, but in no way does that mean you can let go of all your servers and your staff. While it may seem costly to have datacenters and a cloud infrastructure, redundancy is key for backup and recovery.No redundancy A cloud server is essentially not redundant nor is it backed up. As technology may fail here and there, avoid getting burned by purchasing a redundancy plan. Although it is an extra cost, in most cases it is well worth it.Bandwidth issues For ideal performance, clients have to plan accordingly and do not pack large amounts of servers and storage devices into a small set of data centers.Q3 What people, organization, technology issues should be addressed in deciding whether to use a conventional CRM system versus a cloud-based version?Difficult to understand for ill-trained users, attempting to contain a large and complex group of data. Poor usability and low usage rates lead many companies to indicate that it was difficult to justify investment in the software without the potential for more tangible gains. Large investment to build and maintain a customer database which requires computer hardware, database software, analytical programme, communication links and skill personnel. There was a risk assessment to the users because the using of this cloud-based software server is not the owner of infrastructure privacy. Dependability should be considered during the decision due to the issues of storing data, difficult to export data, and dependent of provider.
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Q1: What is network neutrality?Net neutrality (also network neutrality or Internet neutrality) is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, and modes of communication. The term was coined by Columbia media law professor Tim Wu in 2003 as an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier Proponents often see net neutrality as an important component of an open internet, where policies such as equal treatment of data and open web standards allow those on the internet to easily communicate and conduct business without interference from a third part.Why has the internet operated under net neutrality up to this point in time?The Internet has become such a critical communications infrastructure, the ability for a network operator to decide what information is allowed to pass freely and quickly, or slowly or not at all, runs counter to the well-established tradition of acceptable common carrier behavior. Many see this as a direct threat to our economy, our politics, our educational and healthcare systems, our security, and our basic values and freedoms. While all parties appear to agree that openness is good, they disagree strongly about the degree to which we need to guarantee it by law.Q2: Who is favor of net neutrality? Who is opposed, Why?Who is favor of net neutrality?For those who support strong, enforceable net neutrality rules, the current legal environment is untenableWhy?Because every infraction has to be recognized and challenged on an individual basis. Infractions can easily go unnoticed until real harm has occurred, and even when they are revealed, it is not clear whether any federal agency has the authority to act.Court settlements are costly and can take years to resolve; because of the speed with which the Internet economy evolves, most supporters of net neutrality believe that the current legal system is not equipped to deal with these issues.Who is opposed?Those who oppose new net neutrality regulations such as internet services providerWhy?Because they would limit the investment needed to deploy and improve broadband networks. Network development is capital-intensive and is almost exclusively accomplished through private investment. Many broadband service providers feel that the current system—despite the recent Comcast ruling—remains sufficient and that both the FCC and the Federal Trade Commission have the authority to resolve these issues. Opponents of new regulations believe that the issues that have come up since 2005 have been dealt with properly and argue that there is no reason to believe there will be any increase in these types of activity.Q3: What would be the impact on individual user, businesses, and government of internet providers switched to a tiered service model?Tiered service structures allow users to select from a small set of tiers at progressively increasing price points to receive the product or products best suited to their needs. Such systems are frequently seen in the telecommunications field, specifically when it comes to wireless service, digital and cable television options, and broadband internet access. When a wireless company, for example, charges customers different amounts based on the number of voice minutes, text messages, and other features they desire, the company is utilizing the principle of tiered service. This is also seen in charging different prices for services such as the speed of one's internet connection and the number of cable television channels one has access to.Individual userTiered service helps to keep quality of service standards for high profile applications like streaming video or VoIP. This comes at a cost of increasing costs for better service levelsBusinesses§ Internet provider company – will decrees their cost§ The business – increase the effectiveness and efficiency§ “ pay more for the better services”§ Especially for the international company.Government§ Government regulation§ Government can control the people that freely express their ideas in a forum as open and egalitarian as possible.Q4: Are you in favor of legislation network neutrality?Yes, we are support of legislation network neutrality.Why?Most of the personal work in internet is in paid form, if you don’t pay they are not going to give you full document.
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